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Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assessments of a Novel Ivermectin Nasal Spray Formulation in a Pig Model

Errecalde et al., Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.017
Jan 2021  
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Ivermectin for COVID-19
4th treatment shown to reduce risk in August 2020
 
*, now known with p < 0.00000000001 from 101 studies, recognized in 22 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine complementary and synergistic treatments. * >10% efficacy in meta analysis with ≥3 clinical studies.
3,900+ studies for 60+ treatments. c19ivm.org
Animal study of a novel spray formulation of ivermectin, showing an advantage of the spray formulation in terms of fast attainment of high and persistent ivermectin concentrations in nasopharyngeal tissue.
Ivermectin, better known for antiparasitic activity, is a broad spectrum antiviral with activity against many viruses including H7N7 Götz, Dengue Jitobaom, Tay, Wagstaff, HIV-1 Wagstaff, Simian virus 40 Wagstaff (B), Zika Barrows, Jitobaom, Yang, West Nile Yang, Yellow Fever Mastrangelo, Varghese, Japanese encephalitis Mastrangelo, Chikungunya Varghese, Semliki Forest virus Varghese, Human papillomavirus Li, Epstein-Barr Li, BK Polyomavirus Bennett, and Sindbis virus Varghese.
Ivermectin inhibits importin-α/β-dependent nuclear import of viral proteins Götz, Kosyna, Wagstaff, Wagstaff (B), inhibits SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Mody, shows spike-ACE2 disruption at 1nM with microfluidic diffusional sizing Fauquet, binds to glycan sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein preventing interaction with blood and epithelial cells and inhibiting hemagglutination Boschi, Scheim, exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of lung injury Abd-Elmawla, Ma, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 via IMPase inhibition Jitobaom, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 induced formation of fibrin clots resistant to degradation Vottero, may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RdRp activity Parvez (B), may be beneficial for COVID-19 ARDS by blocking GSDMD and NET formation Liu (C), shows protection against inflammation, cytokine storm, and mortality in an LPS mouse model sharing key pathological features of severe COVID-19 DiNicolantonio, Zhang, may be beneficial in severe COVID-19 by binding IGF1 to inhibit the promotion of inflammation, fibrosis, and cell proliferation that leads to lung damage Zhao, may minimize SARS-CoV-2 induced cardiac damage Liu, Liu (B), increases Bifidobacteria which play a key role in the immune system Hazan, has immunomodulatory Munson and anti-inflammatory DiNicolantonio (B), Yan properties, and has an extensive and very positive safety profile Descotes.
7 studies investigate novel formulations of ivermectin for improved efficacy Albariqi, Albariqi (B), Chaccour, Errecalde, Mansour, Mohammed, Saha (B)
Errecalde et al., 23 Jan 2021, peer-reviewed, 15 authors.
This PaperIvermectinAll
Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assessments of a Novel Ivermectin Nasal Spray Formulation in a Pig Model
Jorge Errecalde, Adrian Lifschitz, Graciela Vecchioli, Laura Ceballos, Francisco Errecalde, Mariana Ballent, Gustavo Marín, Martín Daniele, Esteban Turic, Eduardo Spitzer, Fernando Toneguzzo, Silvia Gold, Alejandro Krolewiecki, Luis Alvarez, Carlos Lanusse
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2021.01.017
Recently published data indicates that high ivermectin (IVM) concentrations suppress in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication. Nasal IVM spray administration may contribute to attaining high drug concentrations in nasopharyngeal tissue, a primary site of virus entrance/replication. The safety and pharmacokinetic performances of a novel IVM spray formulation were assessed in a pig model. Piglets received IVM either orally (0.2 mg/kg) or by one or two nasal spray doses. The overall safety, and histopathology of the IVMspray application site tissues, were assessed. The IVM concentration profiles measured in plasma and respiratory tract tissues after the nasal spray were compared with those achieved after the oral administration. Animals tolerated well the nasal spray formulation. No local/systemic adverse events were observed. After nasal administration, the highest IVM concentrations were measured in nasopharyngeal and lung tissues. The nasal/oral IVM concentration ratios in nasopharyngeal and lung tissues markedly increased by repeating (12 h apart) the spray application. The fast attainment of high and persistent IVM concentrations in nasopharyngeal tissue is the main advantage of the nasal over the oral route. These original results support the undertaking of future clinical trials to evaluate the safety/efficacy of the nasal IVM spray application in the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19.
Author Contributions J. Errecalde. Protocol design, IVM spray design. Animal phase work (Spray administration and sampling). Data analysis. Overall integration/discussion of the data. Manuscript writing. A. Lifschitz. Protocol design. HPLC analysis. PK data analysis. Overall integration/discussion of the data. Manuscript writing. G. Vecchioli.
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