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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP |
Covid Analysis (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
meta-analysis v36 |
Ivermectin is effective for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 42 studies |
• 100% of the 42 studies to date report positive effects. Random effects meta-analysis for early treatment and pooled effects shows a reduction of 83%, RR 0.17 [0.11-0.28]. Prophylactic use shows a reduction of 89%, RR 0.11 [0.05-0.23]. M.. |
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
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Covid Analysis (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
Ivermectin is effective for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 42 studies |
• 100% of the 42 studies to date report positive effects. Random effects meta-analysis for early treatment and pooled effects shows a reduction of 83%, RR 0.17 [0.11-0.28]. Prophylactic use shows a reduction of 89%, RR 0.11 [0.05-0.23]. Mortality results show 75% lower mortality, RR 0.25 [0.14-0.44] for all treatment delays, and 86% lower, RR 0.14 [0.03-0.62] for early treatment.• 100% of the 21 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) report positive effects, with an estimated reduction of 70%, RR 0.30 [0.19-0.49].• The probability that an ineffective treatment generated results as positive as the 42 studies to date is estimated to be 1 in 4 trillion (p = 0.00000000000023). Early treatment | 83% improvement | RR 0.17 [0.11-0.28] | Late treatment | 51% improvement | RR 0.49 [0.37-0.66] | Prophylaxis | 89% improvement | RR 0.11 [0.05-0.23] | Total | 42 studies | 331 authors | 14,906 patients | RCT | 21 studies | 180 authors | 2,869 patients | Indication | Studies | Patients | Effect size | WHO status | Scabies [Kory] | 6 | 613 | 0.65 [0.54‑0.78]35% improvement | Approved | COVID-19 (RCT) | 21 | 2,869 | 0.30 [0.19‑0.49] 70% improvement | Not approved yet | COVID-19 (all) | 42 | 14,906 | 0.25 [0.19‑0.34] 75% improvement |
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Late |
Beltran-Gonzalez et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.21252037 (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓14.4%, p=1.00 |
Efficacy and safety of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial |
RCT late stage severe condition (93% SOFA ≥ 2, 96% APACHE ≥ 8) high comorbidity hospitalized patients in Mexico with 36 low dose ivermectin and 37 control patients not finding significant differences. NCT04391127 |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Beltran-Gonzalez et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.21252037 (Peer Reviewed) |
Efficacy and safety of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial |
RCT late stage severe condition (93% SOFA ≥ 2, 96% APACHE ≥ 8) high comorbidity hospitalized patients in Mexico with 36 low dose ivermectin and 37 control patients not finding significant differences. NCT04391127
risk of death, 14.4% lower, RR 0.86, p = 1.00, treatment 5 of 36 (13.9%), control 6 of 37 (16.2%).
risk of respiratory deterioration or death, 8.6% lower, RR 0.91, p = 1.00, treatment 8 of 36 (22.2%), control 9 of 37 (24.3%).
risk of no hospital discharge, 37.0% higher, RR 1.37, p = 0.71, treatment 4 of 36 (11.1%), control 3 of 37 (8.1%).
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News |
BIRD Meeting 20th February 2021 (News) |
news |
BIRD Meeting 20th February 2021 |
The British Ivermectin Recommendation Development (BIRD) panel, with dozens of multi-national scientists & doctors, issued sweeping recommendations for the immediate global use of ivermectin. |
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News
News
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BIRD Meeting 20th February 2021 (News) |
BIRD Meeting 20th February 2021 |
The British Ivermectin Recommendation Development (BIRD) panel, with dozens of multi-national scientists & doctors, issued sweeping recommendations for the immediate global use of ivermectin.
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Early |
Elalfy et al., J. Med. Virol., doi:10.1002/jmv.26880 (Peer Reviewed) |
viral+, ↓86.9%, p<0.0001 |
Effect of a combination of Nitazoxanide, Ribavirin and Ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID-1 |
Non-randomized controlled trial with 62 mild and early moderate patients with home treatment with ivermectin + nitazoxanide + ribavirin + zinc, showing significantly faster viral clearance. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Elalfy et al., J. Med. Virol., doi:10.1002/jmv.26880 (Peer Reviewed) |
Effect of a combination of Nitazoxanide, Ribavirin and Ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID-1 |
Non-randomized controlled trial with 62 mild and early moderate patients with home treatment with ivermectin + nitazoxanide + ribavirin + zinc, showing significantly faster viral clearance.
risk of no virological cure, 86.9% lower, RR 0.13, p < 0.001, treatment 7 of 62 (11.3%), control 44 of 51 (86.3%), day 15.
risk of no virological cure, 58.1% lower, RR 0.42, p < 0.001, treatment 26 of 62 (41.9%), control 51 of 51 (100.0%), day 7.
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PrEPPEP |
Behera et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-208785/v1 (Preprint) |
cases, ↓83.0%, p<0.001 |
Prophylactic role of ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers |
Prospective prophylaxis study with 3,532 healthcare workers, 2,199 receiving two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, showing adjusted relative risk of confirmed COVID-19 with treatment 0.17 [0.12-0.23] p<0.001.
186 patients took only the first .. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Behera et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-208785/v1 (Preprint) |
Prophylactic role of ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers |
Prospective prophylaxis study with 3,532 healthcare workers, 2,199 receiving two-dose ivermectin prophylaxis, showing adjusted relative risk of confirmed COVID-19 with treatment 0.17 [0.12-0.23] p<0.001.186 patients took only the first dose, and no significant difference was observed for this group. The same group published an earlier small study with 115 ivermectin patients.
risk of COVID-19 case, 83.0% lower, RR 0.17, p < 0.001, treatment 2199, control 1147, two doses.
risk of COVID-19 case, 4.0% higher, RR 1.04, p = 0.85, treatment 186, control 1147, patients only receiving the first dose.
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Early |
Schwartz, E., Sheba Ivermectin Project (Preprint) |
hosp., ↓80.7%, p=0.23 |
Ivermectin vs. placebo treatment in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 - A double blind, randomized controlled trial |
Double blind RCT for mild-moderate COVID-19 outpatients in Israel showing significantly faster reduction in viral load with treatment, and zero hospitalizations with treatment compared with 2 for the control group.
There were no safety i.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Schwartz, E., Sheba Ivermectin Project (Preprint) |
Ivermectin vs. placebo treatment in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 - A double blind, randomized controlled trial |
Double blind RCT for mild-moderate COVID-19 outpatients in Israel showing significantly faster reduction in viral load with treatment, and zero hospitalizations with treatment compared with 2 for the control group.There were no safety issues. Sheba IRB-7156/20. NCT04429711.
risk of hospitalization, 80.7% lower, RR 0.19, p = 0.23, treatment 0 of 49 (0.0%), control 2 of 45 (4.4%).
risk of no virological cure, 51.4% lower, RR 0.49, p = 0.01, treatment 16 of 49 (32.7%), control 25 of 45 (55.6%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariable logistic regression, day 6, Ct>30.
risk of no virological cure, 54.1% lower, RR 0.46, p = 0.02, treatment 9 of 49 (18.4%), control 18 of 45 (40.0%), day 10, Ct>30.
risk of no virological cure, 54.1% lower, RR 0.46, p = 0.02, treatment 10 of 49 (20.4%), control 20 of 45 (44.4%), day 8, Ct>30.
risk of no virological cure, 41.2% lower, RR 0.59, p = 0.04, treatment 16 of 49 (32.7%), control 25 of 45 (55.6%), day 6, Ct>30.
risk of no virological cure, 37.9% lower, RR 0.62, p = 0.09, treatment 11 of 26 (42.3%), control 15 of 22 (68.2%), day 4, Ct>30.
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Late |
Lima-Morales (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓77.7%, p<0.001 |
Effectiveness of a multidrug therapy consisting of ivermectin, azithromycin, montelukast and acetylsalicylic acid to prevent hospitalization and death among ambulatory COVID-19 cases in Tlaxcala, Mexico |
Prospective trial of 768 COVID-19 outpatients in Mexico, 481 treated with ivermectin, AZ, montelukast, and aspirin, and 287 control patients with various treatments, showing significantly lower mortality and hospitalization, and significa.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Lima-Morales (Peer Reviewed) |
Effectiveness of a multidrug therapy consisting of ivermectin, azithromycin, montelukast and acetylsalicylic acid to prevent hospitalization and death among ambulatory COVID-19 cases in Tlaxcala, Mexico |
Prospective trial of 768 COVID-19 outpatients in Mexico, 481 treated with ivermectin, AZ, montelukast, and aspirin, and 287 control patients with various treatments, showing significantly lower mortality and hospitalization, and significantly higher recovery at 14 days with treatment.
risk of death, 77.7% lower, RR 0.22, p < 0.001, treatment 15 of 481 (3.1%), control 52 of 287 (18.1%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariate.
risk of hospitalization, 67.4% lower, RR 0.33, p < 0.001, treatment 44 of 481 (9.1%), control 89 of 287 (31.0%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariate.
risk of no recovery, 58.6% lower, RR 0.41, p < 0.001, treatment 75 of 481 (15.6%), control 118 of 287 (41.1%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, recovery at day 14 after symptoms, multivariate.
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Late |
Bukhari et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.21250840 (Preprint) |
viral+, ↓82.4%, p<0.0001 |
Efficacy of Ivermectin in COVID-19 Patients with Mild to Moderate Disease |
RCT of relatively low risk hospitalized patients with 50 ivermectin and 50 control patients showing significantly faster viral clearance with treatment. There were no safety concerns. No mortality was reported. The numbers in Table 3 are .. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Bukhari et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.02.02.21250840 (Preprint) |
Efficacy of Ivermectin in COVID-19 Patients with Mild to Moderate Disease |
RCT of relatively low risk hospitalized patients with 50 ivermectin and 50 control patients showing significantly faster viral clearance with treatment. There were no safety concerns. No mortality was reported. The numbers in Table 3 are the number of patients that became negative on that day, i.e., non-cumulative. NCT04392713.
risk of no virological cure, 82.4% lower, RR 0.18, p < 0.001, treatment 4 of 41 (9.8%), control 25 of 45 (55.6%), day 7.
risk of no virological cure, 38.7% lower, RR 0.61, p < 0.001, treatment 24 of 41 (58.5%), control 43 of 45 (95.6%), day 3.
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Early |
Mohan et al. (Preprint) |
no recov., ↓62.5%, p=0.27 |
Ivermectin in mild and moderate COVID-19 (RIVET-COV): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial |
RCT in India with low risk patients, comparing 24mg ivermectin, 12mg ivermectin, and placebo showing non-statistically significant improvements in recovery and PCR+ status (day 5 both arms, day 7 24mg only) with treatment, and showing gre.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Mohan et al. (Preprint) |
Ivermectin in mild and moderate COVID-19 (RIVET-COV): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial |
RCT in India with low risk patients, comparing 24mg ivermectin, 12mg ivermectin, and placebo showing non-statistically significant improvements in recovery and PCR+ status (day 5 both arms, day 7 24mg only) with treatment, and showing greater improvement for the higher dose arm. Viral load decline was similar in all arms. There were no deaths or use of mechanical ventilation. There were no safety concerns. We note that our pre-specified protocol prioritizes clinical outcome results over PCR results.
risk of no discharge at day 14, 62.5% lower, RR 0.38, p = 0.27, treatment 2 of 40 (5.0%), control 6 of 45 (13.3%), ivermectin 24mg.
risk of no discharge at day 14, 43.8% lower, RR 0.56, p = 0.49, treatment 3 of 40 (7.5%), control 6 of 45 (13.3%), ivermectin 12mg.
risk of no virological cure, 10.3% lower, RR 0.90, p = 0.65, treatment 20 of 36 (55.6%), control 26 of 42 (61.9%), ivermectin 24mg, day 7.
risk of no virological cure, 3.2% higher, RR 1.03, p = 1.00, treatment 23 of 36 (63.9%), control 26 of 42 (61.9%), ivermectin 12mg, day 7.
risk of no virological cure, 23.8% lower, RR 0.76, p = 0.18, treatment 21 of 40 (52.5%), control 31 of 45 (68.9%), ivermectin 24mg, day 5.
risk of no virological cure, 5.6% lower, RR 0.94, p = 0.82, treatment 26 of 40 (65.0%), control 31 of 45 (68.9%), ivermectin 12mg, day 5.
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Meta |
Castaneda-Sabogal et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.21250420 (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
meta-analysis |
Outcomes of Ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
Student-written meta analysis of a very small subset of studies. This is the most biased and flawed COVID-19 meta analysis we have seen, exceeding even Fiolet.
Some of the problems:
- As of the publication date, there are 35 studies, au.. |
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Meta
Meta
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Castaneda-Sabogal et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.01.26.21250420 (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
Outcomes of Ivermectin in the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
Student-written meta analysis of a very small subset of studies. This is the most biased and flawed COVID-19 meta analysis we have seen, exceeding even Fiolet.Some of the problems:- As of the publication date, there are 35 studies, authors include only 4. (They list 5, but two are the same study, preprint and published version).- From the 17 RCTs, authors include 0.- Authors include only late treatment studies, excluding all 10 early treatment studies and all 10 prophylaxis studies.- Authors did not locate 13 studies, despite this being trivial from existing meta analyses.- There is no logic in the exclusion reasons. For example, they include the most biased study to date, Soto-Becerra, and assign the highest weight to it.- Authors randomly exclude letters but include preprints (excluding letters to help avoid positive results, including preprints to include Soto-Becerra).- Soto-Becerra has clear evidence of extreme bias. The study presents 30 day results and extended KM curves up to day 43 for ivermectin. At 30 days the result is negative but reverts (as do all treatments in the study) and becomes positive before day 43. Authors of this meta analysis ignore the extended followup. Soto-Becerra is a database analysis that includes anyone with ICD-10 COVID-19 codes which includes asymptomatic PCR+ patients, therefore many patients in the control group are likely asymptomatic with regards to SARS-CoV-2, but in the hospital for another reason. For those that had symptomatic COVID-19, there is also likely significant confounding by indication. In this study all medications show higher mortality at day 30, which is consistent with asymptomatic (for COVID-19) or mild condition patients being more common in the control group. For ivermectin they show 30 day mortality aHR = 1.39 [0.88 - 2.22]. KM curves show that the treatment groups were in more serious condition, and also that after about day 35 survival became better with ivermectin. More than the total excess mortality happened on the first day. This is consistent with treated patients being in more serious condition, and with many of the control group patients being in hospital for something unrelated to COVID-19. Authors use a machine learning based propensity scoring system that appears over-parameterized and likely to result in significant overfitting and inaccurate results. Essentially they test for all interactions between two and three covariates. The nature and large number of covariates means many random correlations may be found. COVID-19 severity is not used. In summary, this is the lowest quality ivermectin study to date. This study also does not compare treatments with a control group not receiving the treatment - authors put patients receiving treatments after 48 hours in the control group. Authors also state that outcomes within 24 hours were excluded, however KM curves show significant mortality at day 1 (only for the treatment groups).- We checked the reported results for the mortality outcome and found they do not appear to match the actual papers.- Rajter: authors list mortality as 13/85 (treatment), 24/74 (control), the paper shows (for the matched cohort) 13/98 (treatment), 24/98 (control). The adjusted result in the paper is OR 0.27 [0.09-0.80] (multivariate) or OR 0.47 [0.22-0.99] (PSM). These correspond to RR 0.33 and 0.54 respectively, or logRR -1.1 and -0.62. However authors here show logRR 0.54 and 0.85 - they include the study twice (preprint and published). The preprint and published papers have the same multivariate result, the PSM result was added in the published paper. Neither of the two results the authors use match the actual results.- Khan: the paper shows RR 0.13, logRR -2.0. Authors show logRR 0.13.- Soto-Becerra at day 30 shows wHR 1.39 [0.88-2.22], and day 43 weighted KM 0.82 [0.76-0.88]. These correspond to logRR 0.33 and -0.19. Authors show logRR 1.75.- Gorial: there is zero mortality with treatment in this paper. Using the typical continuity correction, the paper shows RR 0.29 when accounting for the different group sizes, or 0.86 when using naive continuity correction that does not account for the very different group sizes. These correspond to logRR -1.24 or -0.15. Authors show logRR 0.60.- Authors did not locate and reference the existing widely known meta-analyses from well-known researchers - Kory et al., Hill et al., Lawrie et al.For more issues see: [1, 2]Authors on Twitter: [3, 4, 5, 6]
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Early |
Chamie-Quintero et al., Preprint, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3765018 (Preprint) |
Sharp Reductions in COVID-19 Case Fatalities and Excess Deaths in Peru in Close Time Conjunction, State-By-State, with Ivermectin Treatments |
Analysis of ivermectin usage within states in Peru showing sharp reductions in COVID-19 deaths corresponding to the usage of ivermectin treatment. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Chamie-Quintero et al., Preprint, doi:10.2139/ssrn.3765018 (Preprint) |
Sharp Reductions in COVID-19 Case Fatalities and Excess Deaths in Peru in Close Time Conjunction, State-By-State, with Ivermectin Treatments |
Analysis of ivermectin usage within states in Peru showing sharp reductions in COVID-19 deaths corresponding to the usage of ivermectin treatment.
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In Vitro |
Mody et al., Communications Biology, doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01577-x (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
in vitro |
Identification of 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents |
Computational molecular modeling screening and in vitro analysis for inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 specific 3CLpro enzyme, showing that ivermectin blocked more than 85% of 3CLpro activity of SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral activity of ivermectin.. |
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In Vitro
In Vitro
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Mody et al., Communications Biology, doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01577-x (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
Identification of 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents |
Computational molecular modeling screening and in vitro analysis for inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 specific 3CLpro enzyme, showing that ivermectin blocked more than 85% of 3CLpro activity of SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral activity of ivermectin mediated through the blocking of α/β1 importin has been previously established, this analysis suggests an additional antiviral mechanism of ivermectin for SARS-CoV-2 via inhibitory effects on 3CLpro.
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Late |
Rezai et al., IRCT20111224008507N3 (Preprint) |
recov. time, ↓21.2%, p=0.02 |
Effectiveness of Ivermectin in the Treatment of Coronavirus Infection in Patients admitted to Educational Hospitals of Mazandaran in 2020 |
RCT in Iran showing shorter time to clinical recovery with Ivermectin.
Results are from: [1] |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Rezai et al., IRCT20111224008507N3 (Preprint) |
Effectiveness of Ivermectin in the Treatment of Coronavirus Infection in Patients admitted to Educational Hospitals of Mazandaran in 2020 |
RCT in Iran showing shorter time to clinical recovery with Ivermectin.Results are from: [1]
recovery time, 21.2% lower, relative time 0.79, p = 0.02, treatment 51, control 52.
hospitalization time, 17.9% lower, relative time 0.82, p = 0.01, treatment 51, control 52.
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Meta |
Hill et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-148845/v1 (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
meta-analysis |
Meta-analysis of randomized trials of ivermectin to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Meta analysis of 18 ivermectin RCTs with 2,282 patients showing faster viral clearance (dose and duration dependent), improved clinical recovery, and lower hospitalization and mortality. In six RCTs of moderate or severe infection, there .. |
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Meta
Meta
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Hill et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-148845/v1 (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
Meta-analysis of randomized trials of ivermectin to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Meta analysis of 18 ivermectin RCTs with 2,282 patients showing faster viral clearance (dose and duration dependent), improved clinical recovery, and lower hospitalization and mortality. In six RCTs of moderate or severe infection, there was a 75% reduction in mortality, RR 0.25 [0.12-0.52], p = 0.0002.
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Early |
Raad et al., ChiCTR2000033627 (Preprint) |
hosp., ↓85.7%, p=0.24 |
In vivo use of ivermectin (IVR) for treatment for corona virus infected patients (COVID-19): a randomized controlled trial |
RCT in Lebanon showing significantly lower viral load at day 3, and lower hospitalization.
Results are from: [1] |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Raad et al., ChiCTR2000033627 (Preprint) |
In vivo use of ivermectin (IVR) for treatment for corona virus infected patients (COVID-19): a randomized controlled trial |
RCT in Lebanon showing significantly lower viral load at day 3, and lower hospitalization.Results are from: [1]
risk of hospitalization, 85.7% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.24, treatment 0 of 50 (0.0%), control 3 of 50 (6.0%).
risk of viral load, 59.0% lower, RR 0.41, p = 0.01, treatment 50, control 50, percentage relative improvement in Ct value with treatment at day 3.
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Early |
Asghar et al., NCT04392713 (Preprint) |
viral+, ↓82.1%, p<0.001 |
Efficacy of Ivermectin in COVID-19 |
RCT with 103 patients in Pakistan comparing ivermectin and CQ, showing significantly lower PCR+ at day 7 with ivermectin. Results from [1]. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Asghar et al., NCT04392713 (Preprint) |
Efficacy of Ivermectin in COVID-19 |
RCT with 103 patients in Pakistan comparing ivermectin and CQ, showing significantly lower PCR+ at day 7 with ivermectin. Results from [1].
risk of no virological cure, 82.1% lower, RR 0.18, p < 0.001, treatment 50, control 50, day 7.
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP |
Kory et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.643369 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
review |
Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19 |
Meta analysis of ivermectin clinical studies and natural experiments where ivermectin has been widely used, showing efficacy of ivermectin in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. |
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
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Kory et al., Frontiers in Pharmacology, doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.643369 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19 |
Meta analysis of ivermectin clinical studies and natural experiments where ivermectin has been widely used, showing efficacy of ivermectin in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19.
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Late |
Okumuş et al., NCT04646109 (Preprint) |
death, ↓33.3%, p=0.55 |
Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Adding Ivermectin to Treatment in Severe COVID-19 Patients |
Small RCT for severe COVID-19 comparing the addition of ivermectin to SOC (low dose HCQ+AZ+favipiravir), with 30 treatment and 30 control patients in Turkey, showing lower mortality and faster clinical recovery. Authors also investigate t.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Okumuş et al., NCT04646109 (Preprint) |
Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Adding Ivermectin to Treatment in Severe COVID-19 Patients |
Small RCT for severe COVID-19 comparing the addition of ivermectin to SOC (low dose HCQ+AZ+favipiravir), with 30 treatment and 30 control patients in Turkey, showing lower mortality and faster clinical recovery. Authors also investigate the presence of gene mutations that alter ivermectin metabolism, predicting that ivermectin can be used safely without serious side effects in patients without MDR-1/ABCB1 and/or CYP3A4 gene mutation, and recommending monitoring and appropriate treatment if necessary when sequencing is unavailable.
risk of death, 33.3% lower, RR 0.67, p = 0.55, treatment 6 of 30 (20.0%), control 9 of 30 (30.0%).
risk of no improvement at day 10, 42.9% lower, RR 0.57, p = 0.18, treatment 8 of 30 (26.7%), control 14 of 30 (46.7%).
risk of no improvement at day 5, 15.8% lower, RR 0.84, p = 0.60, treatment 16 of 30 (53.3%), control 19 of 30 (63.3%).
risk of no virological cure, 80.0% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.02, treatment 2 of 16 (12.5%), control 5 of 8 (62.5%), day 10.
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PrEPPEP |
Chahla et al., NCT04701710 (Preprint) |
cases, ↓94.7%, p=0.003 |
Prophylaxis Covid-19 in Healthcare Agents by Intensive Treatment With Ivermectin and Iota-carrageenan (Ivercar-Tuc) |
Prophylaxis RCT for ivermectin and iota-carrageenan in Argentina with 234 healthcare workers showing significantly lower cases with treatment. No paper is available yet but results are reported on clinicaltrials.gov. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Chahla et al., NCT04701710 (Preprint) |
Prophylaxis Covid-19 in Healthcare Agents by Intensive Treatment With Ivermectin and Iota-carrageenan (Ivercar-Tuc) |
Prophylaxis RCT for ivermectin and iota-carrageenan in Argentina with 234 healthcare workers showing significantly lower cases with treatment. No paper is available yet but results are reported on clinicaltrials.gov.
risk of COVID-19 case, 94.7% lower, RR 0.05, p = 0.003, treatment 0 of 117 (0.0%), control 9 of 117 (7.7%), moderate/severe COVID-19.
risk of COVID-19 case, 84.0% lower, RR 0.16, p < 0.001, treatment 4 of 117 (3.4%), control 25 of 117 (21.4%), all cases.
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N/A |
Bousquet-Melou et al., Preprint, doi:10.22541/au.161047848.80388481/v1 (Preprint) |
dosing study |
Large Impact of obesity on the disposition of ivermectin, moxidectin and eprinomectin in a canine model: relevance for COVID-19 patients |
Animal dosing study with an obese dog model concluding that ivermectin maintenance doses should be based on lean body weight and not the total body weight in obese subjects, while the loading dose should be based on the total body weight. |
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N/A
N/A
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Bousquet-Melou et al., Preprint, doi:10.22541/au.161047848.80388481/v1 (Preprint) |
Large Impact of obesity on the disposition of ivermectin, moxidectin and eprinomectin in a canine model: relevance for COVID-19 patients |
Animal dosing study with an obese dog model concluding that ivermectin maintenance doses should be based on lean body weight and not the total body weight in obese subjects, while the loading dose should be based on the total body weight.
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Early |
Kirti et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.01.05.21249310 (Preprint) |
death, ↓88.7%, p=0.12 |
Ivermectin as a potential treatment for mild to moderate COVID-19: A double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial |
RCT with 112 mild and moderate COVID-19 patients in India, showing lower mortality, ventilation, and ICU admission, although not statistically significant due to the small number of events. There was no mortality in the treatment arm (55 .. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Kirti et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.01.05.21249310 (Preprint) |
Ivermectin as a potential treatment for mild to moderate COVID-19: A double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial |
RCT with 112 mild and moderate COVID-19 patients in India, showing lower mortality, ventilation, and ICU admission, although not statistically significant due to the small number of events. There was no mortality in the treatment arm (55 patients) versus 7% (4 of 57) in the control arm. The PCR result is subject to confounding by biased loss of followup, with 23 lost in the treatment group and 13 in the control group, and 8 more people in the treatment group discharged before day 6.
risk of death, 88.7% lower, RR 0.11, p = 0.12, treatment 0 of 55 (0.0%), control 4 of 57 (7.0%).
risk of ventilation, 79.3% lower, RR 0.21, p = 0.09, treatment 1 of 55 (1.8%), control 5 of 57 (8.8%).
risk of ICU admission, 13.6% lower, RR 0.86, p = 0.80, treatment 5 of 55 (9.1%), control 6 of 57 (10.5%).
risk of no virological cure, 11.6% higher, RR 1.12, p = 0.35, treatment 42 of 55 (76.4%), control 39 of 57 (68.4%).
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Early |
Chamie, J. (News) |
news |
COVID-19 in Mexico |
Comparison of COVID-19 death rates in Mexico showing that the only state using ivermectin has a dramatically lower rate. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Chamie, J. (News) |
COVID-19 in Mexico |
Comparison of COVID-19 death rates in Mexico showing that the only state using ivermectin has a dramatically lower rate.
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Early |
Babalola et al., QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab035 (preprint 1/6) (Peer Reviewed) |
viral+, ↓63.9%, p=0.11 |
Ivermectin shows clinical benefits in mild to moderate COVID19: A randomised controlled double-blind, dose-response study in Lagos |
Small RCT comparing ivermectin 6mg & 12mg q84hr with lopinavir/ritonavir, showing a statistically significant and dose dependent effect of ivermectin on reducing the time to PCR-. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Babalola et al., QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcab035 (preprint 1/6) (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin shows clinical benefits in mild to moderate COVID19: A randomised controlled double-blind, dose-response study in Lagos |
Small RCT comparing ivermectin 6mg & 12mg q84hr with lopinavir/ritonavir, showing a statistically significant and dose dependent effect of ivermectin on reducing the time to PCR-.
adjusted risk of viral+ at day 5, 63.9% lower, RR 0.36, p = 0.11, treatment 40, control 20, adjusted.
risk of no virological cure, 58.0% lower, RR 0.42, p = 0.01, treatment 20, control 20, 12mg - Cox proportional hazard model.
risk of no virological cure, 40.5% lower, RR 0.60, p = 0.12, treatment 20, control 20, 6mg - Cox proportional hazard model.
time to viral-, 49.2% lower, relative time 0.51, treatment 20, control 20, 12mg.
time to viral-, 34.4% lower, relative time 0.66, treatment 20, control 20, 6mg.
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PrEPPEP |
Hirsch et al., Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin as Prophylaxis Against COVID-19 Retrospective Cases Evaluation |
Report on ivermectin prophylaxis for healthcare workers in a hospital in Argentina, showing 0 cases in the 162 participants. Dosage was 0.2mg/kg weekly for eight weeks, followed by 4 months rest. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Hirsch et al., Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin as Prophylaxis Against COVID-19 Retrospective Cases Evaluation |
Report on ivermectin prophylaxis for healthcare workers in a hospital in Argentina, showing 0 cases in the 162 participants. Dosage was 0.2mg/kg weekly for eight weeks, followed by 4 months rest.
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP |
Lawrie et al., Preprint (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
meta-analysis |
Ivermectin reduces the risk of death from COVID-19 – a rapid review and meta-analysis in support of the recommendation of the Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance |
Meta analysis confirming the effectiveness of ivermectin for COVID-19, showing ivermectin treatment mortality relative risk RR 0.17 [0.18-0.35] and prophylaxis cases RR 0.12 [0.08-0.18]. |
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
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Lawrie et al., Preprint (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
Ivermectin reduces the risk of death from COVID-19 – a rapid review and meta-analysis in support of the recommendation of the Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance |
Meta analysis confirming the effectiveness of ivermectin for COVID-19, showing ivermectin treatment mortality relative risk RR 0.17 [0.18-0.35] and prophylaxis cases RR 0.12 [0.08-0.18].
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Late |
Wijaya et al., Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 47:7 (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for COVID-19 – case studies |
Case report on 3 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with significant clinical and radiological improvement after a single dose of ivermectin. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Wijaya et al., Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 47:7 (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for COVID-19 – case studies |
Case report on 3 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with significant clinical and radiological improvement after a single dose of ivermectin.
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Animal |
Madrid et al., Heliyon, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05820 (Peer Reviewed) |
animal study |
Safety of oral administration of high doses of ivermectin by means of biocompatible polyelectrolytes formulation |
In vivo analysis of the safety of high dose ivermectin with a Corydoras fish animal model. |
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Animal study
Animal study
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Madrid et al., Heliyon, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05820 (Peer Reviewed) |
Safety of oral administration of high doses of ivermectin by means of biocompatible polyelectrolytes formulation |
In vivo analysis of the safety of high dose ivermectin with a Corydoras fish animal model.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Review |
McCullough et al., Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, doi:10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.264 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
review |
Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) |
Review urging early treatment of COVID-19 with sequential multidrug treatment that has been shown to be safe and effective. Proposed treatment includes zinc, vitamin D & C, quercetin, and depending on age, comorbidities, and symptoms may .. |
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Review
Review
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McCullough et al., Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, doi:10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.264 (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
Multifaceted highly targeted sequential multidrug treatment of early ambulatory high-risk SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) |
Review urging early treatment of COVID-19 with sequential multidrug treatment that has been shown to be safe and effective. Proposed treatment includes zinc, vitamin D & C, quercetin, and depending on age, comorbidities, and symptoms may include >=2 of HCQ, ivermectin, favipiravir; AZM/DOXY; corticosteroids; colchicine; bamlanivimab; aspirin; LMWH; and supplemental oxygen.
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Early |
Procter et al., Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, doi:10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.260 (Peer Reviewed) |
Clinical outcomes after early ambulatory multidrug therapy for high-risk SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection |
Retrospective 922 outpatients, with 320 treated early due to age>50 or comorbidities, showing 2.2% hospitalization and 0.3% death, which authors note is considerably lower than reported in other studies in their region.
At least two of z.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Procter et al., Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, doi:10.31083/j.rcm.2020.04.260 (Peer Reviewed) |
Clinical outcomes after early ambulatory multidrug therapy for high-risk SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection |
Retrospective 922 outpatients, with 320 treated early due to age>50 or comorbidities, showing 2.2% hospitalization and 0.3% death, which authors note is considerably lower than reported in other studies in their region.At least two of zinc, HCQ, and ivermectin were used, along with one antibiotic, and budesonide and/or dexamethasone.
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Meta |
Hill, A., Preprint (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
meta-analysis |
Meta-analysis of clinical trials of ivermectin to treat COVID-19 infection |
WHO-funded meta analysis showing ivermectin treatment mortality relative risk RR 0.17 [0.08-0.35] for RCTs and RR 0.28 [0.13-0.62] for RCTs and observational studies, and confirming a dose-response effect. |
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Meta
Meta
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Hill, A., Preprint (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
Meta-analysis of clinical trials of ivermectin to treat COVID-19 infection |
WHO-funded meta analysis showing ivermectin treatment mortality relative risk RR 0.17 [0.08-0.35] for RCTs and RR 0.28 [0.13-0.62] for RCTs and observational studies, and confirming a dose-response effect.
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In Vitro |
Jeffreys et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424232 (Preprint) (In Vitro) |
in vitro |
Remdesivir-Ivermectin combination displays synergistic interaction with improved in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 |
In Vitro study showing enhanced antiviral activity of ivermectin and remdesivir in combination. |
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In Vitro
In Vitro
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Jeffreys et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.12.23.424232 (Preprint) (In Vitro) |
Remdesivir-Ivermectin combination displays synergistic interaction with improved in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 |
In Vitro study showing enhanced antiviral activity of ivermectin and remdesivir in combination.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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PrEPPEP |
Vallejos et al., Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04813-1 (Preprint) |
cases, ↓73.6%, p<0.0001 |
Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
Report on ivermectin + carrageenan prophylaxis in a hospital in Argentina showing lower cases for healthcare workers taking ivermectin. The effect is likely to be primarily due to ivermectin - the creator of the protocol has later reporte.. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Vallejos et al., Trials, doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04813-1 (Preprint) |
Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |
Report on ivermectin + carrageenan prophylaxis in a hospital in Argentina showing lower cases for healthcare workers taking ivermectin. The effect is likely to be primarily due to ivermectin - the creator of the protocol has later reported that carrageenan is not necessary [1]. Preliminary results from: [2].
risk of COVID-19 case, 73.6% lower, RR 0.26, p < 0.001, treatment 11 of 389 (2.8%), control 52 of 486 (10.7%).
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP |
Kory et al., FLCCC Alliance (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
meta-analysis |
Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19 |
Meta analysis of ivermectin clinical studies and natural experiments where ivermectin has been widely used, showing efficacy of ivermectin in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. |
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Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
Early, Late, PrEP, PEP
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Kory et al., FLCCC Alliance (Preprint) (meta analysis) |
Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19 |
Meta analysis of ivermectin clinical studies and natural experiments where ivermectin has been widely used, showing efficacy of ivermectin in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19.
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PrEPPEP |
Alam et al., European Journal ofMedical and Health Sciences, doi:10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.6.599 (Peer Reviewed) |
cases, ↓90.6%, p<0.0001 |
Ivermectin as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Healthcare Providers in a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka – An Observational Study |
91% reduction in COVID-19 cases with ivermectin prophylaxis. 118 healthcare workers in Bangladesh, 58 receiving ivermectin 12mg monthly, showing RR 0.094, p < 0.0001. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Alam et al., European Journal ofMedical and Health Sciences, doi:10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.6.599 (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Healthcare Providers in a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka – An Observational Study |
91% reduction in COVID-19 cases with ivermectin prophylaxis. 118 healthcare workers in Bangladesh, 58 receiving ivermectin 12mg monthly, showing RR 0.094, p < 0.0001.
risk of COVID-19 case, 90.6% lower, RR 0.09, p < 0.001, treatment 4 of 58 (6.9%), control 44 of 60 (73.3%).
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Early |
Afsar et al., SSRN (Preprint) |
symptoms, ↓92.2%, p=0.04 |
Ivermectin Use Associated with Reduced Duration of COVID-19 Febrile Illness in a Community Setting |
Small 95 patient study in Pakistan adding ivermectin to standard of care (HCQ+AZ) for outpatients with mild/moderate suspected COVID-19, showing faster resolution of fever with ivermectin.
The low dose HCQ used in this study may not reac.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Afsar et al., SSRN (Preprint) |
Ivermectin Use Associated with Reduced Duration of COVID-19 Febrile Illness in a Community Setting |
Small 95 patient study in Pakistan adding ivermectin to standard of care (HCQ+AZ) for outpatients with mild/moderate suspected COVID-19, showing faster resolution of fever with ivermectin.The low dose HCQ used in this study may not reach therapeutic levels fast enough to make a significant impact.
risk of fever at day 14, 92.2% lower, RR 0.08, p = 0.04, treatment 0 of 37 (0.0%), control 7 of 53 (13.2%).
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Hussain et al., International Journal of Molecular and Immuno Oncology, doi:10.25259/IJMIO_30_2020 (Peer Reviewed) |
Outcome of ivermectin and doxycycline in cancer patients with COVID-19: A positive experience in Bangladesh |
Small case study of ivermectin + doxycycline with 8 cancer patients, with all patients becoming PCR- by day 6 when tested again. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Hussain et al., International Journal of Molecular and Immuno Oncology, doi:10.25259/IJMIO_30_2020 (Peer Reviewed) |
Outcome of ivermectin and doxycycline in cancer patients with COVID-19: A positive experience in Bangladesh |
Small case study of ivermectin + doxycycline with 8 cancer patients, with all patients becoming PCR- by day 6 when tested again.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Chaccour et al., EClinicalMedicine, doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100720 (preprint 12/7) (Peer Reviewed) |
symptoms, ↓52.9%, p<0.05 |
The effect of early treatment with ivermectin on viral load, symptoms and humoral response in patients with non-severe COVID-19: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial |
Tiny RCT for early treatment of mild COVID-19 in low risk patients, with 12 400mcg/kg single dose ivermectin patients and 12 control patients, showing significantly faster viral load reduction and symptom improvement with ivermectin.
Ave.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Chaccour et al., EClinicalMedicine, doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100720 (preprint 12/7) (Peer Reviewed) |
The effect of early treatment with ivermectin on viral load, symptoms and humoral response in patients with non-severe COVID-19: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial |
Tiny RCT for early treatment of mild COVID-19 in low risk patients, with 12 400mcg/kg single dose ivermectin patients and 12 control patients, showing significantly faster viral load reduction and symptom improvement with ivermectin.Average median viral load for gene E and gene N mid-viral recovery at day 7:Ivermectin: 1637 control: 30175Probability of symptoms at day 28, adjusted for the time since onset and day of followup:Ivermectin: = 0.26 [0.10-0.42] control: 0.55 [0.33-0.77](details are in the supplementary appendix)
risk of unresolved symptoms, 52.9% lower, RR 0.47, p < 0.05, treatment 12, control 12, relative probability of symptoms at day 28.
viral load, 94.6% lower, relative load 0.05, treatment 12, control 12, day 7 mid-recovery.
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In Vitro |
Surnar et al., ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci., doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00179 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
in vitro |
Clinically Approved Antiviral Drug in an Orally Administrable Nanoparticle for COVID-19 |
In Vitro analysis of ivermectin with orally administrable nanoparticles showing efficacy for decreasing expression of the viral spike protein and ACE2. Inhibition of nuclear transport activities mediated through proteins such as importin .. |
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In Vitro
In Vitro
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Surnar et al., ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci., doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00179 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
Clinically Approved Antiviral Drug in an Orally Administrable Nanoparticle for COVID-19 |
In Vitro analysis of ivermectin with orally administrable nanoparticles showing efficacy for decreasing expression of the viral spike protein and ACE2. Inhibition of nuclear transport activities mediated through proteins such as importin α/β1 heterodimer are also considered as a possible mechanism of action. The technology may work for other coronaviruses as well.
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Early |
Ahmed et al., International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.191 (Peer Reviewed) |
symptoms, ↓85.0%, p=0.09 |
A five day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness |
Small 72 patient RCT of ivermectin and ivermectin + doxycycline showing faster recovery with ivermectin.
Ivermectin group: 12mg daily for 5 days
Ivermectin + doxycycline: 12mg ivermectin single dose, 200mg doxycycline + 100mg bid 4 days |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Ahmed et al., International Journal of Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.191 (Peer Reviewed) |
A five day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness |
Small 72 patient RCT of ivermectin and ivermectin + doxycycline showing faster recovery with ivermectin.Ivermectin group: 12mg daily for 5 days Ivermectin + doxycycline: 12mg ivermectin single dose, 200mg doxycycline + 100mg bid 4 days
risk of unresolved symptoms, 85.0% lower, RR 0.15, p = 0.09, treatment 0 of 17 (0.0%), control 3 of 19 (15.8%), day 7 fever ivermectin.
risk of unresolved symptoms, 62.7% lower, RR 0.37, p = 0.35, treatment 1 of 17 (5.9%), control 3 of 19 (15.8%), day 7 fever ivermectin + doxycycline.
risk of no virological cure, 42.5% lower, RR 0.58, p = 0.01, treatment 11 of 22 (50.0%), control 20 of 23 (87.0%), day 7 ivermectin.
risk of no virological cure, 20.0% lower, RR 0.80, p = 0.28, treatment 16 of 23 (69.6%), control 20 of 23 (87.0%), day 7 ivermectin + doxycycline.
risk of no virological cure, 62.7% lower, RR 0.37, p = 0.02, treatment 5 of 22 (22.7%), control 14 of 23 (60.9%), day 14 ivermectin.
risk of no virological cure, 35.7% lower, RR 0.64, p = 0.24, treatment 9 of 23 (39.1%), control 14 of 23 (60.9%), day 14 ivermectin + doxycycline.
time to viral-, 23.6% lower, relative time 0.76, p = 0.02, ivermectin.
time to viral-, 9.4% lower, relative time 0.91, p = 0.27, ivermectin + doxycycline.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Chamie, J. (News) |
news |
The effect of using ivermectin to control COVID-19 in Chiapas |
After starting to distribute ivermectin in drug kits in July, the Mexican state of Chiapas has seen a dramatic divergence from other states with much lower mortality [1, 2].
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Details
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Chamie, J. (News) |
The effect of using ivermectin to control COVID-19 in Chiapas |
After starting to distribute ivermectin in drug kits in July, the Mexican state of Chiapas has seen a dramatic divergence from other states with much lower mortality [1, 2].
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Alonso et al., (Preprint) |
death, ↓91.8%, p=0.009 |
COVID-19: Uso de ivermectina |
Observational study in Argentina showing significantly lower mortality in the 60 days after adopting ivermectin compared to the 60 days before, relative risk RR 0.082, p=0.003. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Alonso et al., (Preprint) |
COVID-19: Uso de ivermectina |
Observational study in Argentina showing significantly lower mortality in the 60 days after adopting ivermectin compared to the 60 days before, relative risk RR 0.082, p=0.003.
risk of death, 91.8% lower, RR 0.08, p = 0.009, treatment 1 of 311 (0.3%), control 5 of 128 (3.9%).
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PrEPPEP |
Bernigaud et al., Annals of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1016/j.annder.2020.09.231 (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓99.4%, p=0.08 |
Ivermectin benefit: from scabies to COVID-19, an example of serendipity |
69 residents of a French care home, median age 90, were treated with ivermectin for a scabies outbreak. 3,062 residents in 45 nearby comparable homes were used as controls.
7 of 69 treated patients had probable or certain COVID-19, with .. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Bernigaud et al., Annals of Dermatology and Venereology, doi:10.1016/j.annder.2020.09.231 (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin benefit: from scabies to COVID-19, an example of serendipity |
69 residents of a French care home, median age 90, were treated with ivermectin for a scabies outbreak. 3,062 residents in 45 nearby comparable homes were used as controls.7 of 69 treated patients had probable or certain COVID-19, with no serious cases and no deaths. In comparable care homes in the same district, matched by age and socio-economic level, there was 22.6% COVID-19 and 5% death.
risk of death, 99.4% lower, RR 0.006, p = 0.08, treatment 0 of 69 (0.0%), control 150 of 3062 (4.9%).
risk of COVID-19 case, 55.1% lower, RR 0.45, p = 0.01, treatment 7 of 69 (10.1%), control 692 of 3062 (22.6%).
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PrEPPEP |
Hellwig et al., International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106248 (Peer Reviewed) |
cases, ↓78.0%, p<0.02 |
A COVID-19 Prophylaxis? Lower incidence associated with prophylactic administration of Ivermectin |
Analysis of COVID-19 cases vs. widespread prophylactic use of ivermectin for parasitic infections showing significantly lower incidence of COVID-19 cases. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Hellwig et al., International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106248 (Peer Reviewed) |
A COVID-19 Prophylaxis? Lower incidence associated with prophylactic administration of Ivermectin |
Analysis of COVID-19 cases vs. widespread prophylactic use of ivermectin for parasitic infections showing significantly lower incidence of COVID-19 cases.
risk of COVID-19 case, 78.0% lower, RR 0.22, p < 0.02, African countries.
risk of COVID-19 case, 80.0% lower, RR 0.20, p < 0.001, worldwide.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Niaee et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-109670/v1 (Preprint) |
death, ↓81.8%, p=0.001 |
Ivermectin as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients: A randomized multi-center clinical trial |
82% lower mortality with ivermectin. RCT with 180 hospitalized patients showing reduced mortality and hospital stay with ivermectin, with a wide margin of safety. All patients received SOC including low dose HCQ. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Niaee et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-109670/v1 (Preprint) |
Ivermectin as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients: A randomized multi-center clinical trial |
82% lower mortality with ivermectin. RCT with 180 hospitalized patients showing reduced mortality and hospital stay with ivermectin, with a wide margin of safety. All patients received SOC including low dose HCQ.
risk of death, 81.8% lower, RR 0.18, p = 0.001, treatment 4 of 120 (3.3%), control 11 of 60 (18.3%), All IVM vs. all control.
risk of death, 94.3% lower, RR 0.06, p = 0.01, treatment 0 of 30 (0.0%), control 11 of 60 (18.3%), IVM single dose 200mcg/kg vs. all control.
risk of death, 45.5% lower, RR 0.55, p = 0.37, treatment 3 of 30 (10.0%), control 11 of 60 (18.3%), IVM three dose 200mcg/kg vs. all control.
risk of death, 94.3% lower, RR 0.06, p = 0.01, treatment 0 of 30 (0.0%), control 11 of 60 (18.3%), IVM single dose 400mcg/kg vs. all control.
risk of death, 81.8% lower, RR 0.18, p = 0.06, treatment 1 of 30 (3.3%), control 11 of 60 (18.3%), IVM three dose 400/200/200mcg/kg vs. all control.
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Animal |
de Melo et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.11.21.392639 (Preprint) |
animal study |
Anti-COVID-19 efficacy of ivermectin in the golden hamster |
Hamster study finding significantly lower COVID-19 pathology although not finding lower viral load at the dosage used. Ivermectin dramatically reduced the Il-6/Il-10 ratio in lung tissue, which may account for the more favorable clinical .. |
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Animal study
Animal study
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de Melo et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.11.21.392639 (Preprint) |
Anti-COVID-19 efficacy of ivermectin in the golden hamster |
Hamster study finding significantly lower COVID-19 pathology although not finding lower viral load at the dosage used. Ivermectin dramatically reduced the Il-6/Il-10 ratio in lung tissue, which may account for the more favorable clinical results.
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Late |
Budhiraja et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.20232223 (Preprint) |
death, ↓99.1%, p=0.04 |
Clinical Profile of First 1000 COVID-19 Cases Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospitals and the Correlates of their Mortality: An Indian Experience |
Retrospective 976 hospitalized patients with 34 treated with ivermectin showing ivermectin mortality relative risk RR 0.13, p = 0.04. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Budhiraja et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.11.16.20232223 (Preprint) |
Clinical Profile of First 1000 COVID-19 Cases Admitted at Tertiary Care Hospitals and the Correlates of their Mortality: An Indian Experience |
Retrospective 976 hospitalized patients with 34 treated with ivermectin showing ivermectin mortality relative risk RR 0.13, p = 0.04.
risk of death, 99.1% lower, RR 0.009, p = 0.04, treatment 0 of 34 (0.0%), control 103 of 942 (10.9%).
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PrEPPEP |
Carvallo et al., Journal of Biomedical Research and Clinical Investigation, doi:10.31546/2633-8653.1007 (Peer Reviewed) |
cases, ↓99.9%, p<0.0001 |
Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Ivermectin + Iota-Carrageenan in the Prophylaxis against COVID-19 in Health Personnel |
Prophylaxis study using ivermectin and carrageenan showing 0 of 788 cases from treated healthcare workers, compared to 237 of 407 control.
The effect is likely to be primarily due to ivermectin - the author has later reported that carrag.. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Carvallo et al., Journal of Biomedical Research and Clinical Investigation, doi:10.31546/2633-8653.1007 (Peer Reviewed) |
Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Ivermectin + Iota-Carrageenan in the Prophylaxis against COVID-19 in Health Personnel |
Prophylaxis study using ivermectin and carrageenan showing 0 of 788 cases from treated healthcare workers, compared to 237 of 407 control.The effect is likely to be primarily due to ivermectin - the author has later reported that carrageenan is not necessary [1].
risk of COVID-19 case, 99.9% lower, RR 0.001, p < 0.001, treatment 0 of 788 (0.0%), control 237 of 407 (58.2%).
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Late |
Spoorthi et al., IAIM, 2020, 7:10, 177-182 (Peer Reviewed) |
recov. time, ↓21.1%, p=0.03 |
Utility of Ivermectin and Doxycycline combination for the treatment of SARSCoV-2 |
100 patient prospective trial of ivermectin + doxycycline showing reduced time to symptom resolution and shorter hospital stay with treatment. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Spoorthi et al., IAIM, 2020, 7:10, 177-182 (Peer Reviewed) |
Utility of Ivermectin and Doxycycline combination for the treatment of SARSCoV-2 |
100 patient prospective trial of ivermectin + doxycycline showing reduced time to symptom resolution and shorter hospital stay with treatment.
recovery time, 21.1% lower, relative time 0.79, p = 0.03, treatment 50, control 50.
hospitalization time, 15.5% lower, relative time 0.84, p = 0.01, treatment 50, control 50.
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PrEPPEP |
Elgazzar et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v2 (Preprint) |
cases, ↓80.0%, p=0.03 |
Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic |
RCT for prophylaxis with ivermectin showing a significant reduction in cases with treatment.
Relative risk of COVID-19 case RR 0.2, p = 0.03
This paper also reports a treatment study [1]. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Elgazzar et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v2 (Preprint) |
Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic |
RCT for prophylaxis with ivermectin showing a significant reduction in cases with treatment.Relative risk of COVID-19 case RR 0.2, p = 0.03This paper also reports a treatment study [1].
risk of COVID-19 case, 80.0% lower, RR 0.20, p = 0.03, treatment 2 of 100 (2.0%), control 10 of 100 (10.0%).
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Late |
Elgazzar et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v2 (Preprint) |
death, ↓91.7%, p<0.0001 |
Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic |
RCT comparing ivermectin + SOC vs. HCQ + SOC, showing a significant reduction in mortality with ivermectin. Mortality relative risk:
RR 0.11, p = 0.12 (mild/moderate cases)
RR 0.1, p < 0.001 (severe cases)
The HCQ dose is relatively low.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Elgazzar et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100956/v2 (Preprint) |
Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic |
RCT comparing ivermectin + SOC vs. HCQ + SOC, showing a significant reduction in mortality with ivermectin. Mortality relative risk:RR 0.11, p = 0.12 (mild/moderate cases) RR 0.1, p < 0.001 (severe cases)The HCQ dose is relatively low and may be too low to reach therapeutic levels. This paper also reports a prophylaxis study [1].
risk of death, 91.7% lower, RR 0.08, p < 0.001, treatment 2 of 200 (1.0%), control 24 of 200 (12.0%).
risk of death, 88.9% lower, RR 0.11, p = 0.12, treatment 0 of 100 (0.0%), control 4 of 100 (4.0%), mild/moderate COVID-19.
risk of death, 90.0% lower, RR 0.10, p < 0.001, treatment 2 of 100 (2.0%), control 20 of 100 (20.0%), severe COVID-19.
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Late |
Camprubí et al., PLoS ONE, 15:11, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242184 (Peer Reviewed) |
ICU, ↓33.3%, p=1.00 |
Lack of efficacy of standard doses of ivermectin in severe COVID-19 patients |
Tiny 26 patients retrospective study of ivermectin 200 μg/kg, median 12 days after symptoms, not showing significant differences. Authors suggest the dose is too low and recommend evaluation of higher doses.
All patients received HCQ whi.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Camprubí et al., PLoS ONE, 15:11, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242184 (Peer Reviewed) |
Lack of efficacy of standard doses of ivermectin in severe COVID-19 patients |
Tiny 26 patients retrospective study of ivermectin 200 μg/kg, median 12 days after symptoms, not showing significant differences. Authors suggest the dose is too low and recommend evaluation of higher doses.All patients received HCQ which may reduce the potential benefit for adding ivermectin.
risk of ICU admission, 33.3% lower, RR 0.67, p = 1.00, treatment 2 of 13 (15.4%), control 3 of 13 (23.1%), ICU at day 8.
risk of no improvement at day 8, 33.3% higher, RR 1.33, p = 1.00, treatment 4 of 13 (30.8%), control 3 of 13 (23.1%).
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Early |
Krolewiecki et al., SSRN (Preprint) |
Antiviral Effect of High-Dose Ivermectin in Adults with COVID-19: A Pilot Randomised, Controlled, Open Label, Multicentre Trial |
Viral load RCT finding a concentration dependent antiviral activity of oral high dose ivermectin at a dosing regimen that is well tolerated.
There was no significant difference in viral load reduction between groups overall, but a signif.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Krolewiecki et al., SSRN (Preprint) |
Antiviral Effect of High-Dose Ivermectin in Adults with COVID-19: A Pilot Randomised, Controlled, Open Label, Multicentre Trial |
Viral load RCT finding a concentration dependent antiviral activity of oral high dose ivermectin at a dosing regimen that is well tolerated.There was no significant difference in viral load reduction between groups overall, but a significant difference in reduction was found in patients with higher median plasma ivermectin levels (72% vs. 42%, p=0.004). Decay rate was significantly greater in patients with higher median plasma ivermectin levels (0.64 vs. 0.13, p = 0.011).Mean ivermectin plasma concentration levels showed a positive correlation with viral decay rate (r = 0.46, p = 0.02).30 ivermectin patients and 15 control patients.NCT004381884
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Review |
Turkia, M., ResearchGate (Review) (Preprint) |
review |
FLCCC Alliance MATH+ ascorbic acid and I-MASK+ ivermectin protocols for COVID-19 — a brief review |
Review suggesting ivermectin should be used based on existing data suggesting significant benefits, and that waiting for additional data may result in significant harm. |
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Review
Review
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Turkia, M., ResearchGate (Review) (Preprint) |
FLCCC Alliance MATH+ ascorbic acid and I-MASK+ ivermectin protocols for COVID-19 — a brief review |
Review suggesting ivermectin should be used based on existing data suggesting significant benefits, and that waiting for additional data may result in significant harm.
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Early |
Cadegiani et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.31.20223883 (Preprint) |
death, ↓78.3%, p=0.50 |
Early COVID-19 Therapy with Azithromycin Plus Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine in Outpatient Settings Significantly Reduced Symptoms Compared to Known Outcomes in Untreated Patients |
Comparison of HCQ, nitazoxanide, and ivermectin showing similar effectiveness for overall clinical outcomes in COVID-19 when used before seven days of symptoms, and overwhelmingly superior compared to the untreated COVID-19 population, ev.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Cadegiani et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.31.20223883 (Preprint) |
Early COVID-19 Therapy with Azithromycin Plus Nitazoxanide, Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine in Outpatient Settings Significantly Reduced Symptoms Compared to Known Outcomes in Untreated Patients |
Comparison of HCQ, nitazoxanide, and ivermectin showing similar effectiveness for overall clinical outcomes in COVID-19 when used before seven days of symptoms, and overwhelmingly superior compared to the untreated COVID-19 population, even for those outcomes not influenced by placebo effect, at least when combined with azithromycin, and vitamin C, D and zinc in the majority of the cases.585 patients with mean treatment delay 2.9 days. There was no hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or mortality.The size of the treatment groups in this trial can be found in [1].
risk of death, 78.3% lower, RR 0.22, p = 0.50, treatment 0 of 110 (0.0%), control 2 of 137 (1.5%), control group 1.
risk of ventilation, 94.2% lower, RR 0.06, p = 0.005, treatment 0 of 110 (0.0%), control 9 of 137 (6.6%), control group 1.
risk of hospitalization, 98.0% lower, RR 0.02, p < 0.001, treatment 0 of 110 (0.0%), control 27 of 137 (19.7%), control group 1.
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Early, Late |
Morgenstern et al., J. Clinical Trials (preprint 11/3) (Peer Reviewed) |
The Use of Compassionate Ivermectin in the Management of SymptomaticOutpatients and Hospitalized Patients with Clinical Diagnosis of Covid-19 at theCentro Medico Bournigal and at the Centro Medico Punta Cana, GrupoRescue, Dominican Republic, from May 1 to August 10, 2020 |
Retrospective 3,099 outpatients treated with ivermectin in an ER. Of 2,706 treated on an outpatient basis, 18 were subsequently hospitalized, 2 in the ICU, and there was one death (0.04%).
The average treatment delay for patients treated.. |
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Early, Late
Early, Late
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Morgenstern et al., J. Clinical Trials (preprint 11/3) (Peer Reviewed) |
The Use of Compassionate Ivermectin in the Management of SymptomaticOutpatients and Hospitalized Patients with Clinical Diagnosis of Covid-19 at theCentro Medico Bournigal and at the Centro Medico Punta Cana, GrupoRescue, Dominican Republic, from May 1 to August 10, 2020 |
Retrospective 3,099 outpatients treated with ivermectin in an ER. Of 2,706 treated on an outpatient basis, 18 were subsequently hospitalized, 2 in the ICU, and there was one death (0.04%).The average treatment delay for patients treated on an outpatient basis was 3.6 days, compared to 6.9 days for hospitalized patients, and 7.8 days for ICU patients.For the 300 late treatment hospitalized patients there was 3 deaths. For the 111 very late treatment ICU patients there was 34 deaths.
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PrEPPEP |
Behera et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247163 (preprint 11/3) (Peer Reviewed) |
cases, ↓53.8%, p<0.0001 |
Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study |
Retrospective matched case-control prophylaxis study for HCQ, ivermectin, and vitamin C with 372 healthcare workers, showing lower COVID-19 incidence for all treatments, with statistical significance reached for ivermectin.
HCQ OR 0.56, .. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Behera et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247163 (preprint 11/3) (Peer Reviewed) |
Role of ivermectin in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study |
Retrospective matched case-control prophylaxis study for HCQ, ivermectin, and vitamin C with 372 healthcare workers, showing lower COVID-19 incidence for all treatments, with statistical significance reached for ivermectin.HCQ OR 0.56, p = 0.29 Ivermectin OR 0.27, p < 0.001 Vitamin C OR 0.82, p = 0.58
risk of COVID-19 case, 53.8% lower, RR 0.46, p < 0.001, treatment 41 of 117 (35.0%), control 145 of 255 (56.9%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, model 2 2+ doses conditional logistic regression.
risk of COVID-19 case, 44.5% lower, RR 0.56, p < 0.001, treatment 41 of 117 (35.0%), control 145 of 255 (56.9%), OR converted to RR, matched pair analysis.
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Animal |
Arévalo et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.363242 (Preprint) |
animal study |
Ivermectin reduces coronavirus infection in vivo: a mouse experimental model |
Mouse study showing ivermectin reducing MHV viral load and disease. MHV is a type 2 family RNA coronavirus similar to SARS-CoV2. |
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Animal study
Animal study
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Arévalo et al., bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.11.02.363242 (Preprint) |
Ivermectin reduces coronavirus infection in vivo: a mouse experimental model |
Mouse study showing ivermectin reducing MHV viral load and disease. MHV is a type 2 family RNA coronavirus similar to SARS-CoV2.
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PrEPPEP |
Chang et al., ResearchGate (Preprint) |
COVID-19: Effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis with ivermectin in exposed persons |
Pre-exposure prophylaxis study with 129 people split into high/low exposure groups, with each group split into different dosing regimens, showing higher effectivess with more frequent doses.
High-exposure group:
every 7 days dosing: 0 o.. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Chang et al., ResearchGate (Preprint) |
COVID-19: Effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis with ivermectin in exposed persons |
Pre-exposure prophylaxis study with 129 people split into high/low exposure groups, with each group split into different dosing regimens, showing higher effectivess with more frequent doses.High-exposure group:every 7 days dosing: 0 of 20 cases, 100% effective every 14 days dosing: 1 of 47 cases, 98% effective every 30 days dosing: 2 of 20 cases, 90% effectiveLow-exposure group:every 14 days dosing: 0 of 21 cases, 100% effective every 30 days dosing: 1 of 20 cases, 95% effective
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Late |
Hashim et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.20219345 (Preprint) |
death, ↓66.7%, p=0.27 |
Controlled randomized clinical trial on using Ivermectin with Doxycycline for treating COVID-19 patients in Baghdad, Iraq |
RCT 70 ivermectin-doxycycline patients and 70 control patients showing reduced time to recovery and reduced mortality with treatment.
The earlier ivermectin+doxycycline was administered, the higher rate of successful therapy. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Hashim et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.26.20219345 (Preprint) |
Controlled randomized clinical trial on using Ivermectin with Doxycycline for treating COVID-19 patients in Baghdad, Iraq |
RCT 70 ivermectin-doxycycline patients and 70 control patients showing reduced time to recovery and reduced mortality with treatment.The earlier ivermectin+doxycycline was administered, the higher rate of successful therapy.
risk of death, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 0.27, treatment 2 of 70 (2.9%), control 6 of 70 (8.6%), all patients.
risk of death, 91.7% lower, RR 0.08, p = 0.03, treatment 0 of 59 (0.0%), control 6 of 70 (8.6%), excluding critical patients.
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PrEPPEP |
Guerrero et al., Colombia Médica, doi:10.25100/cm.v51i4.4613 (Peer Reviewed) |
COVID-19: The Ivermectin African Enigma |
Study of African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) countries, which used ivermectin, with non-APOC countries in Africa, showing 28% lower mortality for APOC countries, relative risk RR = 0.72 [0.67-0.78]. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Guerrero et al., Colombia Médica, doi:10.25100/cm.v51i4.4613 (Peer Reviewed) |
COVID-19: The Ivermectin African Enigma |
Study of African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) countries, which used ivermectin, with non-APOC countries in Africa, showing 28% lower mortality for APOC countries, relative risk RR = 0.72 [0.67-0.78].
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PrEPPEP |
Carvallo et al., NCT04425850 (Preprint) |
cases, ↓96.3%, p<0.0001 |
Usefulness of Topic Ivermectin and Carrageenan to Prevent Contagion of Covid 19 (IVERCAR) |
Prophylaxis study using ivermectin and carrageenan showing 0 of 131 cases from treated healthcare workers, compared to 11 of 98 control.
The effect is likely to be primarily due to ivermectin - the author has later reported that carragee.. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Carvallo et al., NCT04425850 (Preprint) |
Usefulness of Topic Ivermectin and Carrageenan to Prevent Contagion of Covid 19 (IVERCAR) |
Prophylaxis study using ivermectin and carrageenan showing 0 of 131 cases from treated healthcare workers, compared to 11 of 98 control.The effect is likely to be primarily due to ivermectin - the author has later reported that carrageenan is not necessary [1].
risk of COVID-19 case, 96.3% lower, RR 0.04, p < 0.001, treatment 0 of 131 (0.0%), control 11 of 98 (11.2%).
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Late |
Rajter et al., Chest, doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.009 (Peer Reviewed) |
death, ↓46.0%, p=0.04 |
Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (ICON study) |
Retrospective 280 hospitalized patients showing lower mortality with ivermectin (13.3% vs 24.5%), propensity matched odds ratio OR 0.47 [0.22-0.99], p=0.045. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Rajter et al., Chest, doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.10.009 (Peer Reviewed) |
Use of Ivermectin is Associated with Lower Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (ICON study) |
Retrospective 280 hospitalized patients showing lower mortality with ivermectin (13.3% vs 24.5%), propensity matched odds ratio OR 0.47 [0.22-0.99], p=0.045.
risk of death, 46.0% lower, RR 0.54, p = 0.04, treatment 13 of 98 (13.3%), control 24 of 98 (24.5%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, PSM.
risk of death, 66.9% lower, RR 0.33, p = 0.03, treatment 26 of 173 (15.0%), control 27 of 107 (25.2%), adjusted, OR converted to RR, multivariate.
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Late |
Mahmud et al., Clinical Trial Results, NCT04523831 (Preprint) |
death, ↓85.7%, p=0.25 |
Clinical Trial of Ivermectin Plus Doxycycline for the Treatment of Confirmed Covid-19 Infection |
RCT for ivermectin+doxycycline showing improvements in mortality, recovery, progression, and virological cure. There is no paper yet, results are reported on clinicaltrials.gov. 183 treatment and 183 control patients with no deaths in the.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Mahmud et al., Clinical Trial Results, NCT04523831 (Preprint) |
Clinical Trial of Ivermectin Plus Doxycycline for the Treatment of Confirmed Covid-19 Infection |
RCT for ivermectin+doxycycline showing improvements in mortality, recovery, progression, and virological cure. There is no paper yet, results are reported on clinicaltrials.gov. 183 treatment and 183 control patients with no deaths in the treatment arm vs. 3 in the control arm (the 3 control deaths are not included in the analysis of other outcomes). Treatment delay is not specified.
risk of death, 85.7% lower, RR 0.14, p = 0.25, treatment 0 of 183 (0.0%), control 3 of 183 (1.6%).
risk of no recovery, 49.0% lower, RR 0.51, p < 0.004, treatment 42 of 183 (23.0%), control 67 of 180 (37.2%), adjusted.
risk of disease progression, 55.0% lower, RR 0.45, p < 0.01, treatment 16 of 183 (8.7%), control 32 of 180 (17.8%), adjusted.
risk of no virological cure, 42.0% lower, RR 0.58, p < 0.001, treatment 14 of 183 (7.7%), control 36 of 180 (20.0%), adjusted.
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Theory |
Francés-Monerris et al., ChemRxiv, doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12782258.v1 (Preprint) (Theory) |
theory |
Has Ivermectin Virus-Directed Effects against SARS-CoV-2? Rationalizing the Action of a Potential Multitarget Antiviral Agent |
In silico study showing that ivermectin is capable of interfering in different key steps of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle. |
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Theory
Theory
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Francés-Monerris et al., ChemRxiv, doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12782258.v1 (Preprint) (Theory) |
Has Ivermectin Virus-Directed Effects against SARS-CoV-2? Rationalizing the Action of a Potential Multitarget Antiviral Agent |
In silico study showing that ivermectin is capable of interfering in different key steps of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle.
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Late |
Soto-Becerra et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.20208066 (Preprint) |
death, ↓17.1%, p=0.01 |
Real-World Effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and ivermectin among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results of a target trial emulation using observational data from a nationwide Healthcare System in Peru |
Retrospective database study of 5683 patients, 692 received HCQ/CQ+AZ, 200 received HCQ/CQ, 203 received ivermectin, 1600 received AZ, 358 received ivermectin+AZ, and 2630 received standard of care.
This study includes anyone with ICD-10.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Soto-Becerra et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.10.06.20208066 (Preprint) |
Real-World Effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and ivermectin among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Results of a target trial emulation using observational data from a nationwide Healthcare System in Peru |
Retrospective database study of 5683 patients, 692 received HCQ/CQ+AZ, 200 received HCQ/CQ, 203 received ivermectin, 1600 received AZ, 358 received ivermectin+AZ, and 2630 received standard of care.This study includes anyone with ICD-10 COVID-19 codes which includes asymptomatic PCR+ patients, therefore many patients in the control group are likely asymptomatic with regards to SARS-CoV-2, but in the hospital for another reason. For those that had symptomatic COVID-19, there is also likely significant confounding by indication.In this study all medications show higher mortality at day 30, which is consistent with asymptomatic (for COVID-19) or mild condition patients being more common in the control group.For ivermectin they show 30 day mortality aHR = 1.39 [0.88 - 2.22]. KM curves show that the treatment groups were in more serious condition, and also that after about day 35 survival became better with ivermectin. The last day available for ivermectin shows RR 0.83, p = 0.01. More than the total excess mortality happened on the first day. This is consistent with treated patients being in more serious condition, and with many of the control group patients being in hospital for something unrelated to COVID-19.Authors use a machine learning based propensity scoring system that appears over-parameterized and likely to result in significant overfitting and inaccurate results. Essentially they test for all interactions between two and three covariates. The nature and large number of covariates means many random correlations may be found. COVID-19 severity is not used.This study also does not compare treatments with a control group not receiving the treatment - authors put patients receiving treatments after 48 hours in the control group.Authors state that outcomes within 24 hours were excluded, however KM curves show significant mortality at day 1 (only for the treatment groups).See also: [1].Ivermectin dosage details: [2]
risk of death, 17.1% lower, RR 0.83, p = 0.01, treatment 92 of 203 (45.3%), control 1438 of 2630 (54.7%), IVM vs. control day 43 (last day available) weighted KM from figure 3, per the pre-specified rules, the last available day mortality results have priority.
risk of death, 39.0% higher, RR 1.39, p = 0.16, treatment 47 of 203 (23.2%), control 401 of 2630 (15.2%), adjusted, day 30, Table 2, IVM wHR.
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Late |
Chachar et al., International Journal of Sciences, 9:31-35, doi:10.18483/ijSci.2378 (Peer Reviewed) |
no recov., ↓10.0%, p=0.50 |
Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients |
Small RCT with 25 ivermectin and 25 control patients, not finding a significant difference in recovery at day 7. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Chachar et al., International Journal of Sciences, 9:31-35, doi:10.18483/ijSci.2378 (Peer Reviewed) |
Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients |
Small RCT with 25 ivermectin and 25 control patients, not finding a significant difference in recovery at day 7.
risk of no recovery at day 7, 10.0% lower, RR 0.90, p = 0.50, treatment 9 of 25 (36.0%), control 10 of 25 (40.0%).
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Late |
Khan et al., Archivos de Bronconeumología, doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2020.08.007 (Letter) |
death, ↓87.0%, p<0.05 |
Ivermectin treatment may improve the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 |
Retrospective 115 ivermectin patients and 133 control patients showing significantly lower death and faster viral clearance.
Some potential issues and the authors' response can be found in [1, 2]. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Khan et al., Archivos de Bronconeumología, doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2020.08.007 (Letter) |
Ivermectin treatment may improve the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 |
Retrospective 115 ivermectin patients and 133 control patients showing significantly lower death and faster viral clearance.Some potential issues and the authors' response can be found in [1, 2].
risk of death, 87.0% lower, RR 0.13, p < 0.05, treatment 1 of 115 (0.9%), control 9 of 133 (6.8%).
time to viral-, 73.3% lower, relative time 0.27, p < 0.001, treatment 115, control 133.
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In Vitro |
Li et al., J. Cellular Physiology, doi:10.1002/jcp.30055 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
in vitro |
Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad‐spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID‐19 treatment |
In Vitro study showing Ivermectin is a safe wide-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and HIV.
Authors note that the combination of ivermectin and other drugs might result in more f.. |
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In Vitro
In Vitro
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Li et al., J. Cellular Physiology, doi:10.1002/jcp.30055 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
Quantitative proteomics reveals a broad‐spectrum antiviral property of ivermectin, benefiting for COVID‐19 treatment |
In Vitro study showing Ivermectin is a safe wide-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and HIV.Authors note that the combination of ivermectin and other drugs might result in more favorable prognoses for patients with COVID‐19, for example ivermerctin and HCQ.
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Early |
Carvallo et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.20191619 (Preprint) |
death, ↓87.9%, p=0.05 |
Safety and Efficacy of the combined use of ivermectin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin and aspirin against COVID-19 |
Prospective trial of ivermectin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin, and aspirin.
There was one death from 167 patients for 0.59% mortality, compared to an estimated overall mortality rate in Argentina of 2.1%.
For moderate to severe cases needi.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Carvallo et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.09.10.20191619 (Preprint) |
Safety and Efficacy of the combined use of ivermectin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin and aspirin against COVID-19 |
Prospective trial of ivermectin, dexamethasone, enoxaparin, and aspirin.There was one death from 167 patients for 0.59% mortality, compared to an estimated overall mortality rate in Argentina of 2.1%.For moderate to severe cases needing hospitalization, only 1 patient out of 32 died, authors compare to published rates of ~25%. There was 12 patients in the same hospital that were not treated with a 25% mortality rate.
risk of death for hospitalized cases in study vs. cases in the same hospital not in the study, 87.9% lower, RR 0.12, p = 0.05, treatment 1 of 33 (3.0%), control 3 of 12 (25.0%), the only treatment death was a patient already in the ICU before treatment.
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Review |
Jans et al., Cells 2020, 9:9, 2100, doi:10.3390/cells9092100 (Review) (Letter) |
review |
Ivermectin as a Broad-Spectrum Host-Directed Antiviral: The Real Deal? |
Review of ivermectin as a host-directed broad-spectrum antiviral agent for a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.
Cell culture experiments show robust antiviral action towards HIV-1, dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus, West Nile virus, V.. |
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Review
Review
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Jans et al., Cells 2020, 9:9, 2100, doi:10.3390/cells9092100 (Review) (Letter) |
Ivermectin as a Broad-Spectrum Host-Directed Antiviral: The Real Deal? |
Review of ivermectin as a host-directed broad-spectrum antiviral agent for a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.Cell culture experiments show robust antiviral action towards HIV-1, dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus, West Nile virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus, Pseudorabies virus, adenovirus, and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
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Late |
Podder et al., IMC J. Med. Science, 14:2, July 2020 (Peer Reviewed) |
recov. time, ↓16.1%, p=0.34 |
Outcome of ivermectin treated mild to moderate COVID-19 cases: a single-centre, open-label, randomised controlled study |
Small RCT with 32 ivermectin patients and 30 control patients.
The mean recovery time after enrolment in the intervention arm was 5.31 ± 2.48 days vs. 6.33 ± 4.23 days in the control arm, p > 0.05.
Negative PCR results were not signific.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Podder et al., IMC J. Med. Science, 14:2, July 2020 (Peer Reviewed) |
Outcome of ivermectin treated mild to moderate COVID-19 cases: a single-centre, open-label, randomised controlled study |
Small RCT with 32 ivermectin patients and 30 control patients.The mean recovery time after enrolment in the intervention arm was 5.31 ± 2.48 days vs. 6.33 ± 4.23 days in the control arm, p > 0.05.Negative PCR results were not significantly different between control and intervention arms, p>0.05. We are not sure what the results were because the abstract and Table 5 have switched the results.
recovery time from enrollment, 16.1% lower, relative time 0.84, p = 0.34, treatment 32, control 30.
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PrEPPEP |
Shouman et al., Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, doi:10.7860/JCDR/2020/46795.0000 (Peer Reviewed) |
symp. case, ↓91.3%, p<0.001 |
Use of Ivermectin as a Potential Chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 in Egypt: A Randomised Clinical Trial |
PEP trial for asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients, 203 ivermectin patients and 101 control patients. 7.4% of contacts developed COVID-19 in the ivermectin group vs. 58.4% in the control group, adjusted odds ratio OR 0.087, p .. |
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Prophylaxis study
Prophylaxis study
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Shouman et al., Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, doi:10.7860/JCDR/2020/46795.0000 (Peer Reviewed) |
Use of Ivermectin as a Potential Chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 in Egypt: A Randomised Clinical Trial |
PEP trial for asymptomatic close contacts of COVID-19 patients, 203 ivermectin patients and 101 control patients. 7.4% of contacts developed COVID-19 in the ivermectin group vs. 58.4% in the control group, adjusted odds ratio OR 0.087, p < 0.001. NCT04422561. See also [1].
risk of symptomatic case, 91.3% lower, RR 0.09, p < 0.001, treatment 15 of 203 (7.4%), control 59 of 101 (58.4%), adjusted, multivariate.
risk of COVID-19 severe case, 92.9% lower, RR 0.07, p = 0.002, treatment 1 of 203 (0.5%), control 7 of 101 (6.9%), unadjusted.
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Early |
Espitia-Hernandez et al., Biomedical Research, 31:5 (Peer Reviewed) |
viral+, ↓97.2%, p<0.0001 |
Effects of Ivermectin-azithromycin-cholecalciferol combined therapy on COVID-19 infected patients: A proof of concept study |
Small study with 28 patients treated with ivermectin + AZ + cholecalciferol and 7 control patients.
All treated patients were PCR- at day 10 while all control patients remained PCR+.
The mean duration of symptoms was 3 days in the treatm.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Espitia-Hernandez et al., Biomedical Research, 31:5 (Peer Reviewed) |
Effects of Ivermectin-azithromycin-cholecalciferol combined therapy on COVID-19 infected patients: A proof of concept study |
Small study with 28 patients treated with ivermectin + AZ + cholecalciferol and 7 control patients.All treated patients were PCR- at day 10 while all control patients remained PCR+. The mean duration of symptoms was 3 days in the treatment group and 10 days in the control group.
risk of viral+ at day 10, 97.2% lower, RR 0.03, p < 0.001, treatment 0 of 28 (0.0%), control 7 of 7 (100.0%).
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Late |
Bhattacharya et al., Int. J. Scientific Research, doi:10.36106/ijsr/7232245 (Peer Reviewed) |
Observational Study on Clinical Features, Treatment and Outcome of COVID 19 in a tertiary care Centre in India- a retrospective case series |
Retrospective 148 hospitalized patients showing triple therapy with ivermectin + atorvastatin + N-acetylcysteine resulted in a 1.35% case fatality rate which was well below the national average. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Bhattacharya et al., Int. J. Scientific Research, doi:10.36106/ijsr/7232245 (Peer Reviewed) |
Observational Study on Clinical Features, Treatment and Outcome of COVID 19 in a tertiary care Centre in India- a retrospective case series |
Retrospective 148 hospitalized patients showing triple therapy with ivermectin + atorvastatin + N-acetylcysteine resulted in a 1.35% case fatality rate which was well below the national average.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Chang et al., ResearchGate (Preprint) |
Post-acute or prolonged COVID-19: ivermectin treatment for patients with persistent symptoms or post-acute symptoms |
Report on 33 patients with persistent or post-acute symptoms treated with ivermectin, showing a high rate of clinical improvement. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Chang et al., ResearchGate (Preprint) |
Post-acute or prolonged COVID-19: ivermectin treatment for patients with persistent symptoms or post-acute symptoms |
Report on 33 patients with persistent or post-acute symptoms treated with ivermectin, showing a high rate of clinical improvement.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Theory |
Chang et al., ResearchGate, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.34561.48483/2 (Preprint) (Theory) |
theory |
COVID-19: Post-exposure prophylaxis with ivermectin in contacts. At Homes, Places of Work, Nursing Homes, Prisons, and Others |
Proposed PEP protocol based on ivermectin. |
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Theory
Theory
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Chang et al., ResearchGate, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.34561.48483/2 (Preprint) (Theory) |
COVID-19: Post-exposure prophylaxis with ivermectin in contacts. At Homes, Places of Work, Nursing Homes, Prisons, and Others |
Proposed PEP protocol based on ivermectin.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Alam et al., Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, doi:10.3329/jbcps.v38i0.47512 (Peer Reviewed) |
A Case Series of 100 COVID-19 Positive Patients Treated with Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline |
Case study of 100 patients treated with ivermectin and doxycycline, with no ICU admission, deaths, or serious side effects reported. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Alam et al., Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, doi:10.3329/jbcps.v38i0.47512 (Peer Reviewed) |
A Case Series of 100 COVID-19 Positive Patients Treated with Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline |
Case study of 100 patients treated with ivermectin and doxycycline, with no ICU admission, deaths, or serious side effects reported.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Late |
Rahman et al., J. Bangladesh Coll. Phys. Surg. 38, 5-9, doi:10.3329/jbcps.v38i0 (Peer Reviewed) |
Comparison of Viral Clearance between Ivermectin with Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin in COVID-19 Patients |
Comparison of 200 patients treated with ivermectin + doxycycline and 200 treated with HCQ + AZ. The HCQ + AZ group had more severe cases at baseline. Viral clearance was faster with ivermectin + doxycycline. Ivermectin dose is given all o.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Rahman et al., J. Bangladesh Coll. Phys. Surg. 38, 5-9, doi:10.3329/jbcps.v38i0 (Peer Reviewed) |
Comparison of Viral Clearance between Ivermectin with Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin in COVID-19 Patients |
Comparison of 200 patients treated with ivermectin + doxycycline and 200 treated with HCQ + AZ. The HCQ + AZ group had more severe cases at baseline. Viral clearance was faster with ivermectin + doxycycline. Ivermectin dose is given all on one day, whereas HCQ is given over 10 days and therapeutic levels may not be reached for several days.
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Early |
Chowdhury et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-38896/v1 (Preprint) |
A Randomized Trial of Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID19 patients |
Small 116 patient RCT comparing Ivermectin-Doxycycline and HCQ+AZ, not showing a significant difference in time to PCR negative or symptom resolution. Time to symptomatic recovery was 5.93 days for Ivermectin-Doxycycline vs. 6.99 days for.. |
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Chowdhury et al., Research Square, doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-38896/v1 (Preprint) |
A Randomized Trial of Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin therapy on COVID19 patients |
Small 116 patient RCT comparing Ivermectin-Doxycycline and HCQ+AZ, not showing a significant difference in time to PCR negative or symptom resolution. Time to symptomatic recovery was 5.93 days for Ivermectin-Doxycycline vs. 6.99 days for HCQ+AZ. Given the long half-life of HCQ and the lack of a loading dose, it may take several days for HCQ to reach therapeutic levels. 10% of HCQ+AZ patients were lost to followup (2x Ivermectin-Doxycycline). There is no comparison with a control group.
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Late |
Gorial et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979 (Preprint) |
death, ↓71.0%, p=1.00 |
Effectiveness of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19 Management (Pilot Trial) |
Small trial of hospitalized patients with 16 of 87 patients being treated with ivermectin showing a significantly lower mean hospital stay with ivermectin: 7.62 vs. 13.22 days, p=0.00005.
0 of 16 ivermectin patients died vs. 2 of 71 cont.. |
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Late treatment study
Late treatment study
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Gorial et al., medRxiv, doi:10.1101/2020.07.07.20145979 (Preprint) |
Effectiveness of Ivermectin as add-on Therapy in COVID-19 Management (Pilot Trial) |
Small trial of hospitalized patients with 16 of 87 patients being treated with ivermectin showing a significantly lower mean hospital stay with ivermectin: 7.62 vs. 13.22 days, p=0.00005.0 of 16 ivermectin patients died vs. 2 of 71 control patients.
risk of death, 71.0% lower, RR 0.29, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 16 (0.0%), control 2 of 71 (2.8%).
hospitalization time, 42.0% lower, relative time 0.58, p < 0.001, treatment 16, control 71.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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In Vitro |
Caly et al., Antiviral Research, doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
in vitro |
The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro |
In Vitro study showing that ivermectin is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48h. |
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In Vitro
In Vitro
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Caly et al., Antiviral Research, doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787 (Peer Reviewed) (In Vitro) |
The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro |
In Vitro study showing that ivermectin is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48h.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Theory |
Lehrer et al., In Vivo, 34:5, 3023-3026, doi:10.21873/invivo.12134 (Theory) |
theory |
Ivermectin Docks to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-binding Domain Attached to ACE2 |
In silico analysis showing ivermectin docking which may interfere with the attachment of the spike to the human cell membrane. |
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Theory
Theory
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Lehrer et al., In Vivo, 34:5, 3023-3026, doi:10.21873/invivo.12134 (Theory) |
Ivermectin Docks to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-binding Domain Attached to ACE2 |
In silico analysis showing ivermectin docking which may interfere with the attachment of the spike to the human cell membrane.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Review |
Heidary et al., The Journal of Antibiotics, 73, 593–602, doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
review |
Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen |
Review of the antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties of ivermectin.
Antiviral effects have been reported for Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki For.. |
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Review
Review
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Heidary et al., The Journal of Antibiotics, 73, 593–602, doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z (Review) (Peer Reviewed) |
Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen |
Review of the antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties of ivermectin.Antiviral effects have been reported for Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Ivermectin plays a role in several biological mechanisms, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of a wide range of viruses including COVID-19 as well as other types of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. In vivo studies of animal models revealed a broad range of antiviral effects of ivermectin, however, clinical trials are necessary to appraise the potential efficacy of ivermectin in clinical setting.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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Early |
Chang, G., Research Gate, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.34689.48482/7 (Preprint) |
Inclusión de la ivermectina en la primera línea de acción terapéutica para COVID-19 |
Peru observational case study of 7 patients treated with ivermectin, showing improvement and resolution of fever within 48 hours, and 100% recovery. |
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Details
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Early treatment study
Early treatment study
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Chang, G., Research Gate, doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.34689.48482/7 (Preprint) |
Inclusión de la ivermectina en la primera línea de acción terapéutica para COVID-19 |
Peru observational case study of 7 patients treated with ivermectin, showing improvement and resolution of fever within 48 hours, and 100% recovery.
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Submit Corrections or Comments
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